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Anemia In Pregnancy
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During pregnancy, the volume of blood increases causing dilution. More iron and vitamins are needed to make more red blood cells. If your blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells, adequate oxygen is not carried to your tissues and to your baby. It’s normal to have mild anaemia when you are pregnant. But you may have more severe anaemia from low iron or vitamin levels or from other reasons. 
Symptoms of Anaemia During Pregnancy
The most common symptoms of anaemia during pregnancy are:
- Pale skin, lips, and nails
- Feeling tired or weak
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid heartbeat
- Trouble concentrating
Risk Factors for Anaemia in Pregnancy
All pregnant women are at risk of developing anaemia. This is because of the increased need for iron and folic acid than usual. But the risk is higher if you:
- Are pregnant with multiples (more than one child)
- Have had two pregnancies with less interval
- Have excess vomiting because of morning sickness
- Are a pregnant teenager
- Don’t eat enough foods that are rich in iron
- Had anaemia before you became pregnancy
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Types of Anaemia During Pregnancy
Several types of anaemia can develop during pregnancy. These include:
- Iron-deficiency anaemia
- Folate-deficiency anaemia
- Vitamin B12- deficiency anaemia
Effects of Anaemia in Pregnancy
Severe or untreated iron-deficiency anaemia during pregnancy can increase the risk of having:
- A blood transfusion (due to loss of significant amount of blood during delivery)
- Frequent infections
- Postpartum depression
- Delayed wound healing
A preterm or low-birth-weight baby
- A baby with anemia
- A child with developmental delays
Folate deficiency can increase the risk of having a:
- Preterm or low-birth-weight baby
- Baby with a serious birth defect of the spine or brain (neural tube defects)
Vitamin B12 deficiency can also increase the risk of having a baby with neural tube defects.
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How to Prevent Anaemia
It is very important to prevent anaemia during pregnancy to avoid complications.
Make sure you get enough iron, folic acid and vitamin B12.
Eat well-balanced meals and add foods that are high in iron to your diet.
1.Aim for at least three servings a day of iron-rich foods, such as:
- lean red meat, poultry, and fish
- leafy, dark green vegetables (such as spinach, broccoli, and kale)
- iron-enriched cereals and grains
- beans, lentils, and tofu
- nuts and seeds
- eggs
Foods that are high in Vitamin C can help your body absorb more iron. These include:
- citrus fruits and juices
- strawberries
- kiwis
- tomatoes
- bell peppers
Try to eat these foods at the same time that you eat iron-rich foods for better absorption. 
- Choose foods that are high in folate, to help prevent folate deficiency. These include:
- leafy green vegetables
- citrus fruits and juices
- dried beans
- breads and cereals fortified with folic acid
Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking vitamins that contain sufficient amount of iron and folic acid.
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